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[begin page 351]

figure
figuretom sawyer wounded.

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old man was up town again, before breakfast, but couldn’t get no track of Tom; and both of them set at the table, thinking, and not saying nothing, and looking mournful, and their [coffee] getting cold, and not eating anything. And [by and by] the old man says:

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“Did I give you the letter?”

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“What letter?”

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“The one I got [[yesterday,]] out of the [postoffice].”

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“No, you didn’t give me no letter.”

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“Well, I must a forgot it.”

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So he rummaged his pockets, and then went off [[somewheres where] he had [laid] it down, and fetched it, and give it to her. She says:

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“Why, it’s from [St.] Petersburg—it’s from [Sis.”]

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I allowed another walk would do me good; but I couldn’t stir. But before she could break it open, she dropped it and run—for she see something. And so did I. It was Tom Sawyer on a [mattrass]; and that old doctor; and Jim, in [her] calico dress, with his hands tied behind [him;] and a lot of people. I hid the letter] behind the first thing that come handy, and rushed. She flung herself [at] Tom, [crying], and says:

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[O], he’s dead, he’s dead, [I] know he’s dead!”

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And Tom he turned his head a little, and muttered something or other, which showed he warn’t in his right mind; then she flung up her hands, and says:

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“He’s alive, thank God! And that’s enough!” and she snatched a [begin page 352] kiss of him, and flew for the [house,] to get the bed ready, [and scattering] orders [right and left] at the niggers and everybody else, as fast as her tongue could go, every jump of the way.

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I followed the men to see what they was going to do with Jim; and the old doctor and [uncle] Silas followed after Tom into the house. The men was [very] huffy, and some of them wanted to hang Jim, for an [example] to all the other niggers around there, so they wouldn’t be trying to run away, like Jim done, and making such a raft of trouble, and keeping a whole family scared most to death for days and nights. But the others said, don’t do it, it wouldn’t answer at all, he ain’t our nigger, and his [owner] would turn up and make us pay for him, sure. So that [cooled] them down a little, because the people that’s always the most anxious for to hang a nigger that hain’t done just right, is always the very ones that ain’t the most anxious to pay for him when they’ve got their satisfaction out of him.

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They cussed Jim [considerble], though, and give him a cuff or two, side the head, once in a while, but Jim never said nothing, and he never let on to know me, and they took him to the same cabin, and put his own clothes on him, and chained him again, and not to no bed-leg, this time, but to a big staple drove into the bottom log, and chained his hands, too, and both legs, and said he warn’t to have nothing but bread and water to eat, after this, till his owner come or [he was] sold at [auction] because he didn’t come in a certain length of time, and filled up our hole, and [said] a couple of farmers with guns [must] stand watch around about [the cabin] every night, and a [bulldog] tied to the door in the [daytime,] and about this time they was through with [the job] and was tapering off [with a] kind of [[generl]] [goodbye] cussing, and then the old doctor [comes,] and takes a look, and says:

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“Don’t be no rougher on him than you’re obleeged to, because [he ain’t a bad nigger]. When I got to where I found the boy, I see I couldn’t cut the bullet out without some help, and he warn’t in no condition [for me] to leave, to go and get [help; and] [he got a little worse and a little worse, and after a long time he went out of his [head, and wouldn’t let me come anigh him, [any more,] and said if I chalked his raft he’d kill me, and no end of wild foolishness like that, and I see I couldn’t do anything at all with him; so I] says, I [got] to have help, somehow; and the minute I says it, out crawls this nigger from [begin page 353] somewheres, and says he’ll [help;] and he done it, too, and done it very well.] Of course I judged he must be a runaway nigger, and there I was! and there I had to stick, right straight [along,] [all the rest of the day, and all night.] It was a fix, I tell you! I had a couple of patients with the chills, and of course I’d of liked to run up to town and see them, but I dasn’t, because the nigger might get away, and then I’d be to blame; [and yet never a skiff come close enough for me to hail.] So there I had to stick, plumb till daylight this morning; and I never see a nigger that was a better nuss [or faithfuller,] and yet he was resking his freedom to do it, and [was] all tired out, too, and I see plain enough [he’d] been worked main hard, lately. I liked the nigger for that; I tell you, gentlemen, a nigger like that is worth a thousand dollars—and kind treatment, too. I had everything I [needed,] and the boy was doing as well there as he would a done at home—better, maybe, because it was so quiet; but there I was, with both of ’m on my hands; and there I had to stick, till about dawn this morning; then some men in a [skiff come] by, and as [good] luck would have it, the nigger was setting [by the] pallet with his head [propped] on his [begin page 354] knees, sound asleep; so I motioned them in, quiet, and they slipped up on him and grabbed him and tied him before he knowed what he was about, and we never had no trouble. And the boy being in a kind of a flighty sleep, too, we muffled the oars and hitched the raft on, and towed her over very nice and quiet, and the nigger never made the least row nor said a word, from the start. He ain’t no bad nigger, gentlemen; that’s what I think about [him.”]

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Somebody says:

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“Well, it sounds very good, doctor, I’m obleeged to say.”

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Then the others softened up a little, too, and I was mighty thankful to [that old] doctor for doing Jim that good turn; and I was glad it was according to my [judgement] of him, too; because I thought he had a good heart [in] him and was a good man, the first time I see him. [Then] they all agreed that Jim had acted very well, and was deserving to have some notice [took] of it, and reward. So every one of them promised, right out and hearty, that they wouldn’t cuss him no more.

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[Then] they come out and locked him up. I hoped they was going to say he could have one or two of the chains took off, because they was rotten heavy, or could have meat and greens with his bread and water, but they didn’t think of it, and I reckoned it warn’t best for me to mix in, but I judged I’d get the doctor’s yarn to [aunt] Sally, somehow or other, as soon as I’d got through the breakers that was laying just ahead of me. Explanations, [I mean,] of how I forgot to mention about [[‘Sid’]] being shot, when I was telling how him and me put in that dratted night paddling around hunting the runaway [nigger.

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But] I had plenty time. Aunt Sally she stuck to the [sick room] all day and all night; and every time I see [uncle] Silas mooning around, I dodged him.

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Next morning I heard Tom was a good deal better, and they said [aunt] Sally was gone to [get] a nap. So I slips to the [sick room] and if I found him awake I reckoned we could put up a yarn for the family that would wash. But he was sleeping, and sleeping very peaceful, too; and pale, not fire-faced the way he was when he come. So I set down and laid for him to [wake.] In about a half an hour, [aunt] Sally comes gliding in, and there I [was, up] a stump again! She motioned me to be still, and set down by me, and begun to whisper, and said [begin page 355] we could all be [joyful,] now, because all the symptoms was first rate, and [he’d] been sleeping like that for [ever] so long, and looking better and peacefuller all the time, and ten to one he’d wake up in his right mind.

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So we set there watching, and [by and by,] he stirs a bit, and [opens] his eyes very natural, and takes a look, and says:

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“Hello, why I’m at home! How’s that? Where’s the raft?”

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[It’s] all right,” I says.

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“And Jim?

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“The same,” I says, but [couldn’t say it] pretty brash. But he never noticed, but says:

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[Good]! Splendid! Now we’re all right and safe! Did you tell [aunty]?”

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I was [going] to say yes; but she chipped in and says:

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“About what, Sid?”

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“Why, about the way the whole thing was done.”

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“What whole thing?”

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“Why, the whole [[thing—there] ain’t but [one:]] how we set the runaway nigger [free—]me and Tom.”

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“Good land! [Set the [run—]What] is the child [[talking]] about! Dear, dear, out of his head again!”

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[No] I ain’t out [of] my [head,] I know all what I’m talking about. We did set him free—me and Tom. We laid out to [do it] and we done it. And we done it elegant, too.” [He’d] got a start, and she never checked him up, just set and stared [and stared,] and let him clip along, and I see it warn’t no use for me to put in. “Why, [aunty], it cost us a power of work—weeks of it—hours and hours, every night, whilst you was all asleep. And we had to steal candles, [and the] [sheet] and [the] shirt, and your dress, [and spoons,] and tin plates, and [caseknives], and the [warming pan], and the grindstone, [and flour,] and just no end of things, and you can’t think what work it [was,] to make the saws, and pens, and inscriptions, and one thing or another, and you can’t think half the fun it was. And we had to make up the pictures of coffins and things, and nonnamous letters from the robbers, and get up and down the [lightning rod], and dig the hole into the cabin, and make the rope-ladder and send it [in,] cooked up in a pie, and send in spoons and things to work with, in your [apron] [[pocket”—]]

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[“Mercy] sakes!”

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[begin page 356] [—“and] load up the cabin with rats and snakes and [so-on], for company for Jim; and [then] you kept Tom here so long with the butter in his hat that you [come [near]] [spiling] the whole business, because the men come before we was out of the cabin, and we had to rush, and they heard us and [let] drive at us, and I got my share, and we dodged out of the path and let them go by, and when the dogs come they [warn’t] interested in us, but went for the most noise, and we got our canoe, and made for the raft, and was all safe, and Jim was a free man, and we done it all by ourselves, and wasn’t it bully, [aunty]!”

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“Well, I never heard the likes of it in all my born days! So it was you, you little rapscallions, that’s been making all this trouble, and turned everybody’s wits [clean] inside out and scared us all most to death. I’ve as good a notion [as ever] I had in my life, to take [it] out o’ [you] this very minute. To [think,] here I’ve been, night after night, a—[you] [just] get [well,] once, you young scamp, [and] I lay I’ll tan the Old Harry out o’ [both] o’ ye!”

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But Tom, he was so proud and joyful, he just couldn’t hold in, and his tongue just went it—she a-chipping in, and spitting fire all along, and both of them going it at once, like a cat-convention; and she [says:]

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[Well], you get all the enjoyment you can out of it now, for mind I tell you if I catch you [meddling] with him [[again]]

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“Meddling with who?” Tom says, dropping his smile and [looking] surprised.

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“With who? Why, the runaway nigger, of course. Who’d you [reckon?”]

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[Tom] looks at me very grave, and says:

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“Tom, didn’t you [just] tell me [he was] all [right?] Hasn’t he got away?”

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Him?” says [aunt] Sally; “the runaway nigger? ’Deed he hasn’t. They’ve got him back, safe and sound, and he’s in that cabin again, on bread and water, and loaded down with chains, till he’s claimed or sold!”

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Tom rose square up in bed, with his eye hot, and his nostrils opening and shutting like gills, and sings [out] to me:

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“They hain’t no right to shut him up! Shove!—and don’t you lose a minute. Turn him loose! he ain’t no [slave,] he’s as free as any cretur that walks this earth!”

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[begin page 357] “What does the child [mean!]

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“I mean every word I [say], [aunt] Sally, and if somebody don’t go, I’ll go. [I’ve knowed him] all his life, and so has Tom, there. Old Miss Watson died two months ago, and she was [ashamed] she ever was going to sell him down the river, and said [so;] and she set him free in her will.”

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[Then what on earth did you want to set him free for, [seeing] he was already free?]

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[Well] that is a [question,] [I must say]; and just like women! Why, I wanted the adventure of it; and I’d a waded [neck-deep] in blood to—goodness alive, [aunt Polly]!”

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If she warn’t standing right there, just inside the door, looking as sweet and [contented] as an angel [[half-full]] of pie, I wish I may never!

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Aunt Sally jumped for her, and [most] hugged the head off of her, and cried over her, and I found a good enough place for me under the bed, for it was getting pretty [sultry] for us, [seemed to me.] And I peeped out, and in a little while Tom’s [aunt] Polly shook [herself] loose and stood there looking across at Tom over her spectacles—kind of grinding him into the earth, you know. And then she says:

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“Yes, you [better] turn [y’r] [head] away—I would if I was you, Tom.”

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“Oh, deary me!” says [aunt] [Sally,]is he changed so? Why, that [begin page 358] ain’t [Tom,] it’s Sid; Tom’s—Tom’s—[why,] where [is] Tom? He was here a minute ago.”

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“You mean where’s Huck Finn—that’s what you mean! I reckon I hain’t raised such a scamp as my Tom all these years, not to know him when I see him. That would be a [pretty] howdy-do. Come out from under that bed, Huck [Finn.]

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So I done it. But not feeling brash.

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Aunt Sally she was one of the mixed-upest looking persons I ever see; except one, and that was [uncle] Silas, when [he] come in, and they [told] it all to him. It kind of made him drunk, as you may say, and he didn’t know nothing at all the rest of the day, and preached a [prayer meeting] sermon that night that give him a rattling ruputation, because the oldest man in the world couldn’t a understood it. So [Tom’s [aunt] [Polly] she told all about who I was, and what; and] I had to up and tell how I was in such a tight place that when Mrs. Phelps took me for Tom Sawyer—[she] [chipped] in and says, “[O], go on and call me [aunt] Sally, I’m used to it, now, and [’t ain’t] no need to change”—that when [aunt] Sally took me for Tom Sawyer, I had to stand it—there warn’t no other way, and I knowed [he] [wouldn’t] mind, because it [would] be nuts for him, being a mystery, and he’d make an adventure out of it and be perfectly satisfied. And so it turned out, [and he] let on to be Sid, and made things [as soft] as he could for me.

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And his [aunt] Polly she said Tom was right about old Miss Watson setting Jim free in her will; and so, sure enough, Tom [Sawyer] had gone and took all that trouble and bother to set a free nigger [free!] and I couldn’t ever understand, before, [until that minute and that talk, how] he could help [a body] set a nigger free, with [his] [bringing-up].

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Well, [aunt Polly] [she] said that when [aunt Sally] wrote to her that Tom and Sid had come, all right and safe, she says [to herself]:

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“Look at that, now! I might [have] expected it, letting him go off that way without anybody to watch him. [So now I got to go and trapse all the way down the [river] [eleven hundred mile],] and find out what that [cretur’s] up to, this time; [as long as] I couldn’t seem to get any answer [out of] [[[you]]] about it.”

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“Why, I never heard nothing from you,” says [aunt] Sally.

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“Well, I wonder! Why, I wrote to you twice, to ask you what you could mean by Sid being here.”

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[begin page 359] “Well, [I] never got [[’em,]] Sis.”

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Aunt [Polly] she turns around slow and severe, and says:

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“You, Tom!”

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“Well—[what?]” he says, kind of [pettish.]

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“Don’t you what me, you impudent thing—hand out them letters.”

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“What [letters?]

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Them letters. I be bound, if I have to take aholt of you [I’ll—]

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“They’re in the trunk. There, now. And they’re just the same as they was when I got them out of the office. I hain’t looked into them, I hain’t touched them. But I knowed they’d make trouble, and I thought if you warn’t in no hurry, [I’d—]

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“Well, you do need skinning, there ain’t no mistake about it. And I wrote another one to tell you I was coming; and I spose [he—]

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“No, it come yesterday; I [hain’t] read it yet, but it’s all right, I’ve got [that] one.”

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I wanted to offer to [bet] [two dollars] she hadn’t, but I reckoned maybe it was just as safe to not to. So I never said nothing.


Explanatory Notes: Expand | Collapse
Textual Commentary

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These notes identify real people, places, books, and events that Mark Twain drew upon for Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. They document historical, literary, and cultural allusions, parallels, analogues, or influences, both in the text and in E. W. Kemble’s illustrations.

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352.30–31 he ain’t a bad nigger] The expression “bad nigger” had a particular meaning in the antebellum period: it defined the “bold individuals who refused to accept whippings,

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357.7–8 Then what on earth did you want to set him free for, seeing he was already free?] In the 1840s, a freedman in Jim’s position was still not free: he could not vote, or safely travel at will, and without his manumission papers (easily stolen or held by local authorities), he could be imprisoned and sold into slavery again. Although slavery was abolished in 1865 (eleven years before Clemens began writing this book), after the war conditions worsened for the new freedmen and women, despite the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution. The Freedman’s Bureau, established to provide help and legal protection from local abuses, was abolished in 1872, and in 1877 the last of the federal troops were withdrawn from the South. Local authorities were often complicit in the terrorist tactics of mobs and white supremacist groups such as the White Brotherhood and the Ku Klux Klan, and the former “black codes” were replaced by “Jim Crow” practices and laws, restricting the rights of freedmen to vote and threatening them with beatings, fines, and imprisonment for random minor infractions (Litwack 1980, 220 passim). Several scholars have suggested that Huckleberry Finn, ostensibly an evocation of the antebellum South, actually reflects the deteriorating social and political situation in the Reconstruction and post-Reconstruction era, when the slave found himself “free at last and thoroughly impotent, the object of devious schemes and a hapless victim of constant brutality” [begin page 451] (Schmitz, 60; see also Fishkin, 70–75; Budd 1962, 105–6; Berkove 1994, 213–16; Carrington, 189–92; and Doyno 1996a, 15–16). This thesis is particularly relevant to the concluding “evasion” chapters of the book, where Jim is made to suffer through Tom Sawyer’s elaborate scheme to “set a nigger free that was already free before” (360.6–8). The thesis, however intriguing, remains undocumented: Mark Twain nowhere explicitly stated such a purpose for his novel, either at the time of publication or later.

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358.33–34 So now I got to go and trapse all the way down the river eleven hundred mile] The actual distance