1 Clemens composed his ninety-minute lecture by extracting short passages from the manuscript of The Innocents Abroad, assembling them to produce an abridged account of the Quaker City voyage (Hirst 1975, 174–75; see also the following letter). The surviving draft of the lecture, although incomplete, shows that Clemens was conscious that he would speak in Cleveland under Mrs. Fairbanks’s watchful eye, as well as in Elmira before the Langdon family: he therefore avoided castigating his fellow Quaker City passengers and made no mention of the Holy Land (SLC 1868). The lecture was first announced in advertisements of the American Literary Bureau as “Americans in the Old World,” but on 24 October the title became “American Vandals in the Old World” (Round Table 8 [3 Oct 68 and 24 Oct 68]: 234, 282).