Hartford, Oct. 11.
My Dear Howells:1
I don’t believe I am going to be able to do anything for Jany. No. We shall see.
I have put in this whole day clearing off a fortnight’s accumulating correspondence—have just sent out the result to the post-box—an arm-full of letters. Think of a whole day wasted in such exasperating folly. It is enough to make a man say dern.
Now I propose to take it out of you. I will sit here & write to you till I drop.
In the first place you will have to do me a favor—for I don’t somehow feel like trusting [anybody. ] ‸else.‸ It is a secret, to be known to nobody but you (of course I comprehend that Mrs. Howells is part of you) that Bret Harte came up here the other day & asked me to help him write a play & divide the swag, & I agreed. [in margin: Check for $1,616.16 has just arrived—my clear profit on Raymond’s first week in Philadelphia.2 Write a drama, Howells.] I am to put in Scotty Briggs (see Buck Fanshaw’s Funeral, in Roughing It), & he is to put in a Chinaman (a wonderfully funny creature, as Bret presents him—for 5 minutes—in his Sandy Bar play.)3 This Chinaman is to be the character of the play, & both of us will work on him & develop him. Bret is to draw a plot, & I am to do the same; we shall use the best of the two, or gouge from both & build a third. My plot is built—finished it yesterday—six days’ work, 8 or 9 hours a day, & has nearly killed me.
Now the favor I ask of you is that you will have the words “Ah Sin, a Drama,” printed in the middle of a note-paper page, & send the same to me, with bill. We don’t want anybody ‸to‸ know that we are building this play. I can’t get this [title-page] printed here without having to lie so much that the thought of it is disagreeable to one reared as I have been. And yet the title of the play must be printed—the rest of the application for copyright is allowable in penmanship.4
Of course I haven’t had time to even glance at Mr. [Boot]’s music, but I’m going to. I met Miss Kellogg the other day, & she was vastly cordial, but I’m done offering music to any villain that yawps on a stage, be he male or female. To have such a sweat as I had with that woman over that piece of music is a sufficiency of that sort of thing. Kellogg says she’s coming to our house the first chance she gets; then I’ll let her sing this piece; & if she likes it & wants it & says so, like a man, she shall have it; but I ain’t going to give her any more chances to act the son of a gun with Mr. Boott & me. I wish you’d tell Mr. Boott I like this song ever so much—because I know I shall like it.5
We have got the very best gang of servants in America, now. When George ‸first‸ came he was one of the most religious of men.6 He had but one fault—young George Washington’s. But I have trained him; & now it fairly breaks Mrs. Clemens’s heart to hear George stand at that front door & lie to the unwelcome visitor. But your time is valuable; I must not dwell upon these things.
I am mighty sorry that book does not sell better;7 but don’t you worry about Hayes. He is as bound to go to the White House as Tilden is to go to the devil when the last trump blows. I don’t worry the least in the world, since my brother went over to the enemy. If you knew him as well as I do you would have confidence in him. His instinct to do the wrong thing is absolutely unerring.
But I must not dwell upon these things. I’ll ask Warner & Harte if they’ll do Blindfold Novelettes. Some time I’ll simplify that plot. All it needs is that the hanging & the marriage shall not be appointed for the same day. I got over that difficulty, but it required too much MS to reconcile the thing—so the movement of the story was clogged.8
I came near agreeing to make political speeches with our candidate for Governor the 16th & 23d inst., but I had to give up the idea, for Harte & I will be here at work then.9 ⟦Of course the printers would leave off the word “gas-” from “pipe” in my remark about the plumbers, thus marring the music & clearness of the sentence.⟧ 10
But I will not dwell upon these things. Will you send me 3 proofs of my December article? ‸Corrected ones.‸
Yrs Ever
Mark.
Reply only with postal card. You’ve got writing enough to do without my burdening you.
I’ll try to contribute to the Contributors’ Club—you leave out our names, don’t you?11
“Reflect” is exactly the right word in the Echo article. Scientists use no other in such places.
Please send me a couple more copies. Corrected copies, I mean. I couldn’t read all that hogwash over again.12
Explanatory Notes | Textual Commentary
Clemens answered the following letters (CU-MARK): The letter in which
Howells promised to “leg” for Stoddard has not been found. James Russell
Lowell had been the first editor of the Atlantic Monthly, serving from 1857 until 1881 (Sedgwick 1994, 44–67). Clemens’s contribution to the December number was “The Canvasser’s
Tale” (SLC 1876).
Raymond was at Philadelphia’s Walnut Street Theatre with
Colonel Sellers for a two-week engagement that had begun on Monday, 2 October
(“Amusements,” Philadelphia Public Ledger, 30 Sept, 2 Oct, 9 Oct 1876, 1).
Hop Sing, the Chinese laundryman in Two Men of Sandy Bar, became Ah Sin, the title character in Harte
and Clemens’s play (SLC 1876–77). Although Hop Sing was the direct inspiration for the stage Ah Sin, a
version of Ah Sin first appeared in Harte’s popular poem “Plain Language from Truthful James,” also known as
“The Heathen Chinee,” in the Overland Monthly for September 1870 (Harte 1870). See note 4.
Howells complied within a few days (see 23 Oct 1876 to Spofford, n. 2). Any hopes Clemens had of keeping his and Harte’s plans exclusive, as well as confidential, were already futile. On 2 September 1876 the New York Times had reported: Mr. C. T. Parsloe, the talented young
actor who, in the small part of the Chinaman Hop Sing, in the “Two Men
of Sandy Bar,” made the only artistic success of the play, has been approached lately by several dramatists who are
anxious to develop the idea of the Chinese character into the leading and important feature of a new drama to be “written
expressly for” him. (“Amusements,” 5) And on 10 September the Times further noted: “Mr. C. T. Parsloe, of the Union Square Theatre is having a new drama written for him, in which a
Chinese character is the prominent feature” (“Record of Amusements,” 7). Charles T. Parsloe, Jr. (1836–98), was a well-known character actor. By mid-December 1876 he was seriously interested in
Ah Sin (see 20 Dec 1876 to Perkins, n. 2; “Death List of a Day: Charles Thomas Parsloe,” New York Times,
23 Jan 1898, 7).
Since the summer of 1875, Clemens had been trying to interest soprano Clara Louise Kellogg in music by Howells’s friend
Francis Boott. In the spring of 1876 Boott had arranged one of his songs for Clemens himself.
Howells must have recently sent Clemens still more of Boott’s work, enclosed with either his 8 or his 10 October letter, or with
an earlier letter not known to survive (3 Apr 1876 to Howells, n. 1; 4 Nov 1875,
L6, 581–83).
Howells’s Sketch of the Life and Character of
Rutherford B. Hayes (Howells 1876a).
It is not known if Clemens ever simplified the plot of his story, which remained unpublished for 125 years (SLC 1876g; 22 Apr
1876 to Howells, n. 2).
The Republican candidate for governor was Henry C. Robinson, lawyer,
insurance executive, and former mayor of Hartford. He lost to the Democratic candidate, Hartford lawyer Richard D. Hubbard, on 7 November 1876. Both men were Clemens’s Hartford Monday Evening Club friends (11 Jan 1876 to Howells, n. 2; “Connecticut,” New York Times, 2 Nov 1876, 7; “Official Vote of Connecticut,” Hartford Courant, 23 Nov
1876, 2; Cheney 1954, 16, 19; 21 Feb 1875 to Sprague and others, L6, 393 n. 3). Bret Harte was coming to Hartford to work with
Clemens on Ah Sin. In 1907, Clemens recalled his work habits: He came to Hartford and
remained with us two weeks. He was a man who could never persuade himself to do a stroke of work until his credit was gone, and all his
money, and the wolf was at his door; then he could sit down and work harder—until temporary relief was secured—than any
man I have ever seen. . . . The next morning after his arrival we went to the billiard-room and began work upon
the play. I named my characters and described them; Harte did the same by his. Then he began to sketch the scenario, act by act, and
scene by scene. He worked rapidly, and seemed to be troubled by no hesitations or indecisions; what he accomplished in an hour or two
would have cost me several weeks of painful and difficult labor, and would have been valueless when I got through. But Harte’s
work was good, and usable; to me it was a wonderful performance. Then the filling-in began. Harte set down
the dialogue swiftly, and I had nothing to do except when one of my characters was to say something; then Harte told me the nature of
the remark that was required, I furnished the language, and he jotted it down. After this fashion, we worked two or three or four hours
every day for a couple of weeks, and produced a comedy that was good and would act. His part of it was the best part of it. (AutoMT2, 419–20). Harte’s visit evidently occupied the last two weeks of October 1876. He returned to Hartford on 3 November (see 3 Nov 1876 to Bliss) and then again a few weeks later, as evidenced by Twichell’s journal entry for
30 November: “Called at M.T.’s and found Bret Harte there again (He and M. are writing a play together) and had some talk
with him” (Twichell 1874–1916, 2:126).
See 24–30
Sept 1876 to Unidentified, n. 1.
The first Contributors’ Club was introduced as follows: [In this place the editors propose to avail themselves of such passages of their
correspondence as have a public interest, hoping in this desultory fashion to secure some notable part of that opinion of events,
manners, and letters which otherwise goes unuttered in print. They invite all writers who have minds upon any ethical or
æsthetic subject briefly to free them here, and while they will not wittingly suffer a personal spite to be wreaked, they will
especially welcome the expression of intellectual grudges of every sort. In like manner whoever has a strong predilection worthy the
reader’s consideration shall have the right to make it known under this head. New facts of literary or artistic value will also
be very acceptable.] (Atlantic Monthly 39 [Jan 77]: 100) Clemens sent this complaint, which, like all the contributions, was published anonymously: —Miss Anna Dickinson, I see, again braves her fate with the
public on the stage. I do not know how much she may have improved in the theatrical art since I saw her in Boston last winter, but the
critics, who have constantly been kinder to her than her own ambition has been, do not yet raise the voice of acclaim. On her first
appearance I found the spectacle of her failure so cruel that it was impossible to look at it steadily. And yet, after I came away, I
perceived the justice of what had happened. Here was a lady, with all the good motives in the world, aiming to place herself at the
very top in an untried art, over the heads of people who had given years or lives of hard work to it. If she had succeeded, it would
have been an injustice more cruel than her failure was. But it was not in nature, it was not in the justice which orders these things,
that she should succeed. Genius itself succeeds only by arduous self-training; and it is not for the beginner in any art to snatch its
honors from its devoted students. On the whole, I consoled myself for Miss Dickinson’s defeat. It was not peculiarly arrogant in
her to attempt the highest prize of the theatrical art; that is what débutantes of mature years nearly
always do; but the thing is arrogant in itself. If Miss Dickinson had gone humbly to some accomplished actor, and begged to know in
what subordinate walk of the profession she might hope, with anxious and assiduous study, to succeed, and she had tried that and
failed, I should have felt sorry for her. But I bear her present defeat with fortitude; and I count it gain whenever this people, in
whatever way, gets a knockdown hint to the effect that to do a thing you must learn how; and that to play on the fiddle it is not
merely necessary to take a bow and fiddle with it. (SLC 1877c) Clemens had attended Dickinson’s unsuccessful debut performance as a dramatic actress, in her own play,
A Crown of Thorns, in Boston, in May of 1876 (26 Apr 1876 to Howells, n. 7, and 4 May 1876 to Howells, nn. 1–2). His misreporting of the date may have been artifice rather than
error, a ploy to further disguise his authorship inasmuch as he was known to have witnessed her failure. Since the January 1877
Atlantic Monthly issued in mid-December, Clemens must have submitted his contribution by about mid-November. He
doubtless was reacting to reports in the press of Dickinson’s Midwestern tour with the play in the fall of 1876 (Eppard and Monteiro 1983, 2; Chester
1951, 185–86).
Clemens had already received one proof of “The Canvasser’s Tale,” probably
with Howells’s 8 October or 10 October letter. On it Howells evidently questioned the
following usages of “reflect” in Clemens’s account of two echo collectors contending for ownership of the
“king echo of the universe”: You see, as long as he could not have
the echo, he was resolved that nobody should have it. He would remove his hill, and then there would be nothing to reflect my
uncle’s echo. . . . It was finally decided that the echo was property; that the hills were
property; that the two men were separate and independent owners of the two hills, but tenants in common in the echo; therefore
defendant was at full liberty to cut down his hill, since it belonged solely to him, but must give bonds in three million dollars as
indemnity for damages which might result to my uncle’s half of the echo. This decision also debarred my uncle from using
defendant’s hill to reflect his part of the echo, without defendant’s consent; he must use only his own hill; if his part
of the echo would not go, under these circumstances, it was sad, of course, but the court could find no remedy. The court also debarred
defendant from using my uncle’s hill to reflect his end of the echo, without consent. (SLC 1876k, 675) In fact, the usage was quite correct:
dictionaries had long defined an echo as “reflected” sound. Clemens presumably returned the proof, with any revisions he
did make, with the present letter.
Source text(s):
Previous publication:
MTL, 1:287–89, partial publication; MTHL, 1:157–59.
Provenance:
See Howells Letters in Description of Provenance.
Emendations and textual notes:
anybody. • [deletion implied]
title-page • title- | page
Boot • [sic]