1 Samuel Chapman Armstrong (1839–93) was born in the Sandwich Islands of missionary parents. A graduate of Williams College, he was colonel of a black regiment during the Civil War, becoming a brigadier general in 1865. After the war he worked for the Freedmen’s Bureau, and in 1868 founded the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute for the education of former slaves (Peabody, 55–101, 221). The Courant staff replied to Clemens’s request by forwarding two letters that Vaughan had submitted for publication, and possibly some from his references as well, but it is not known if a letter from Armstrong was among them. Although Clemens transcribed Vaughan’s letters in full in his “screed” (22? Oct 75 to the editor of the Courant), he made no mention of Armstrong. He did report, however, that James F. B. Marshall, Armstrong’s associate at Hampton, had denied any knowledge of Vaughan.