1 A style of binding in which the spine and the four corners of the book were covered in red leather, and the sides, or boards, were covered in cloth or paper. The spine covering usually extended onto the boards for about a quarter of their width. Roan leathers, made from sheepskin, were used extensively in the nineteenth century (Roberts and Etherington, 127, 219).

2 During 1874 Clemens purchased books from at least two dealers: Estes and Lauriat, at 143 Washington Street, in Boston; and Scribner, Welford and Armstrong, at 654 Broadway, in New York. Either of these might have been the recipient of the present letter and the enclosed book list, now lost (bills of 1 May 74 and 2 Dec 74 from Estes and Lauriat, CU-MARK; 6–8 June 74 to Scribner, Welford and Armstrong).